Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This study offers the first complete overview of the remarkable public finances of the Dutch Republic of the United Provinces. Wantje Fritschy has analysed the development and structure of its public revenue and expenditure. She argues that a ‘tax revolution’ and the ‘fiscal resilience’ of the provinces together were more important for its surprising performance than Holland’s public debt alone, and the institutional and economic characteristics of its ‘urban system’ were more important than wealth due to foreign trade. Comparisons with the fiscal systems of three more centralized states - the Venetian Republic, Britain and the Ottoman Empire - underline the crucial importance of long-term ‘urbanization trajectories’ in understanding early-modern fiscal performance. It was not because it was federal that the Dutch Republic collapsed.

Finance, Public --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- History. --- Finance, Public. --- Finanzwirtschaft. --- History --- Netherlands. --- Niederlande. --- History of the Netherlands --- anno 1500-1799 --- E-books --- Public finances --- Austrian Netherlands --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Batavia --- Belanda --- Beulanda --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Eben Eyong --- Háland --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- Hò-làn --- Holand --- Holanda --- Holandija --- Holandska --- Hōlani --- Holenda --- Holland --- Holland Királyság --- Hollandi --- Hollandia --- Hōrana --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Huland --- Hulanda --- Iseldiroedd --- Iseldiryow --- Ísiltír --- Izelvroio --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Katō Chōres --- Kē-tē-kok --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Kerajaan Landa --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígí --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Konungsríkið Holland --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Kralstvo Niderlandii͡ --- Landa --- Madalmaad --- Mamlakat Hūland --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Nederilande --- Nederlaand --- Nederlân --- Nederland --- Nederlande --- Nederlandene --- Nederlandia --- Nederlando --- Nederlands --- Néderlandzk --- Nederlatt --- Nederlendin Nutg --- Nedŏlland --- Neerlande --- Nethiland --- Niadaland --- Niderland --- Niderland Krallığı --- Niderlanddar --- Niderlande --- Nīderlandeja --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Niderlandʺi͡as --- Niderlandʺi͡as Korolʹuv --- Niderlandii͡ --- Niderlandla --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Niderlandsem --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkh --- Niderlandtæ --- Niderlandtar --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Niderlandy --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Niðurlond --- Niederlande --- Nirlan --- Nižozemska --- Nizozemsko --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalyst --- Olanda --- Ollandia --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Oranda --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ot͡si͡azorksshi Nederlatt --- Paes Bass --- Paesi Bassi --- Paîs Bas --- Pais Basse --- Países Baixos --- Países Bajos --- Países Baxos --- Paisis Bajus --- Països Baixos --- Paixi Basci --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Payis-Bâs --- Payises Bashos --- Pays-Bas --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Peyiba --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Reino di Hulanda --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Southern Netherlands --- Spanish Netherlands --- The Netherlands --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Tlanitlālpan --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Uholanzi --- Ulanda --- Ulanna --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Walanda --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Economics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Since the early days of humanity, gifts as varied as valued objects, hospitality, and works of art have been an essential means of establishing and maintaining social ties. Strategic Affection?, studies the exchange of gifts in order to explore the nature of seventeenth-century Dutch social relations. Looking at such widely divergent figures as schoolmasters, artisans, poets, and nobles, Irma Thoen compares seventeenth-century Dutch gifts with contemporary gift exchanges to show that both strategy and affection are necessary elements of any social relations - and that what changes most is not the system but the discourse of exchange.

Gifts --- History --- Netherlands --- Social life and customs --- Donations --- Presents --- Generosity --- Manners and customs --- Free material --- The Netherlands --- Pays-Bas --- Países Baixos --- Holland --- Spanish Netherlands --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Austrian Netherlands --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Southern Netherlands --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Niderlandy --- Belanda --- Nederland --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Países Bajos --- Holanda --- Nederlân --- Hulanda --- Beulanda --- Niderland --- Niderlande --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Olanda --- Payis-Bâs --- Países Baxos --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Nirlan --- Niderland Krallığı --- Kē-tē-kok --- Landa --- Kerajaan Landa --- Нидерландтар --- Niderlandtar --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Nederlands --- Niadaland --- Holandija --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Izelvroioù --- Нидерландия --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Països Baixos --- Нидерландсем --- Niderlandsem --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Nizozemsko --- Paesi Bassi --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Iseldiroedd --- Nederlandene --- Niederlande --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Nižozemska --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Madalmaad --- Ολλανδία --- Ollandia --- Hollandia --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Katō Chōres --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Nederlando --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Paisis Bajus --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- هلند --- Huland --- Niðurlond --- Háland --- Paîs Bas --- Neerlande --- Ísiltír --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Hò-làn --- Недерлендин Нутг --- Nederlendin Nutg --- 네덜란드 --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Hōlani --- Nederlandia --- Pais Basse --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Нидерландтæ --- Niderlandtæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Konungsríkið Holland --- הולנד --- Holand --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Walanda --- Hollandi --- Нидерландла --- Niderlandla --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Néderlandzkô --- Нидерланд --- Iseldiryow --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Nederilande --- Нидерланддар --- Niderlanddar --- Uholanzi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Нидерландъяс --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Peyiba --- Holenda --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Payises Bashos --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Nīderlandeja --- Batavia --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Paixi Basci --- Paes Bass --- Ulanda --- Holland Királyság --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Reino di Hulanda --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Hōrana --- Недерлатт --- Nederlatt --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Tlanitlālpan --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Eben Eyong --- Nederlaand --- オランダ --- Oranda --- オランダ王国 --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ulanna --- Nethiland --- Nederlande --- Holandska --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands --- History of civilization --- History of the Netherlands --- anno 1600-1699 --- geschiedenis --- sociology --- culture and history --- sociologie --- cultuur and geschiedenis --- history, geography, and auxiliary disciplines

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Economic history. --- Economic policy. --- Since 1945 --- Netherlands --- Netherlands. --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- History, Economic --- Political aspects --- Austrian Netherlands --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Batavia --- Belanda --- Beulanda --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Eben Eyong --- Háland --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- Hò-làn --- Holand --- Holanda --- Holandija --- Holandska --- Hōlani --- Holenda --- Holland --- Holland Királyság --- Hollandi --- Hollandia --- Hōrana --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Huland --- Hulanda --- Iseldiroedd --- Iseldiryow --- Ísiltír --- Izelvroioù --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Katō Chōres --- Kē-tē-kok --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Kerajaan Landa --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Konungsríkið Holland --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Landa --- Madalmaad --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Nederilande --- Nederlaand --- Nederlân --- Nederland --- Nederlande --- Nederlandene --- Nederlandia --- Nederlando --- Nederlands --- Néderlandzkô --- Nederlatt --- Nederlendin Nutg --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Neerlande --- Nethiland --- Niadaland --- Niderland --- Niderland Krallığı --- Niderlanddar --- Niderlande --- Nīderlandeja --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Niderlandla --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Niderlandsem --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Niderlandtæ --- Niderlandtar --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Niderlandy --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Niðurlond --- Niederlande --- Nirlan --- Nižozemska --- Nizozemsko --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Olanda --- Ollandia --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Oranda --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Paes Bass --- Paesi Bassi --- Paîs Bas --- Pais Basse --- Países Baixos --- Países Bajos --- Países Baxos --- Paisis Bajus --- Països Baixos --- Paixi Basci --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Payis-Bâs --- Payises Bashos --- Pays-Bas --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Peyiba --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Reino di Hulanda --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Southern Netherlands --- Spanish Netherlands --- The Netherlands --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Tlanitlālpan --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Uholanzi --- Ulanda --- Ulanna --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Walanda --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Нидерландтар --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Нидерландия --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Нидерландсем --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Ολλανδία --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- هلند --- Недерлендин Нутг --- 네덜란드 --- Нидерландтæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- הולנד --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Нидерландла --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Нидерланд --- Нидерланддар --- Нидерландъяс --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Недерлатт --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- オランダ --- オランダ王国 --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands --- Izelvroio --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígí --- Kralstvo Niderlandii͡ --- Mamlakat Hūland --- Néderlandzk --- Nedŏlland --- Niderlandʺi͡as --- Niderlandʺi͡as Korolʹuv --- Niderlandii͡ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkh --- Nyderlandų Karalyst --- Ot͡si͡azorksshi Nederlatt --- Business, Economy and Management --- Social Sciences --- Developmental Issues & Socioeconomic Studies

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Debates on immigrant integration often center on "national models of integration," a concept that reflects the desire of both researchers and policy makers to find common ground. This book challenges the idea that there has ever been a coherent or consistent Dutch model of integration and asserts that though Dutch society has long been seen as exemplary for its multiculturalism-and argues that the incorporation of migrants remains one of the country's most pressing social and political concerns. In addition to an analysis of how immigration is framed and reframed through diverse dialogues, the author provides a highly dynamic overview of integration policy and its evolution alongside migration research.

Dutch society. --- Multiculturalism. --- Social science. --- Immigrants --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Immigration & Emigration --- Government policy --- Social integration --- Multiculturalism --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Netherlands --- Europe --- Emigration and immigration. --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy. --- The Netherlands --- Pays-Bas --- Países Baixos --- Holland --- Spanish Netherlands --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Austrian Netherlands --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Southern Netherlands --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Niderlandy --- Belanda --- Nederland --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Países Bajos --- Holanda --- Nederlân --- Hulanda --- Beulanda --- Niderland --- Niderlande --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Olanda --- Payis-Bâs --- Países Baxos --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Nirlan --- Niderland Krallığı --- Kē-tē-kok --- Landa --- Kerajaan Landa --- Нидерландтар --- Niderlandtar --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Nederlands --- Niadaland --- Holandija --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Izelvroioù --- Нидерландия --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Països Baixos --- Нидерландсем --- Niderlandsem --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Nizozemsko --- Paesi Bassi --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Iseldiroedd --- Nederlandene --- Niederlande --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Nižozemska --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Madalmaad --- Ολλανδία --- Ollandia --- Hollandia --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Katō Chōres --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Nederlando --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Paisis Bajus --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- هلند --- Huland --- Niðurlond --- Háland --- Paîs Bas --- Neerlande --- Ísiltír --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Hò-làn --- Недерлендин Нутг --- Nederlendin Nutg --- 네덜란드 --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Hōlani --- Nederlandia --- Pais Basse --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Нидерландтæ --- Niderlandtæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Konungsríkið Holland --- הולנד --- Holand --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Walanda --- Hollandi --- Нидерландла --- Niderlandla --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Néderlandzkô --- Нидерланд --- Iseldiryow --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Nederilande --- Нидерланддар --- Niderlanddar --- Uholanzi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Нидерландъяс --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Peyiba --- Holenda --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Payises Bashos --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Nīderlandeja --- Batavia --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Paixi Basci --- Paes Bass --- Ulanda --- Holland Királyság --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Reino di Hulanda --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Hōrana --- Недерлатт --- Nederlatt --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Tlanitlālpan --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Eben Eyong --- Nederlaand --- オランダ --- Oranda --- オランダ王国 --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ulanna --- Nethiland --- Nederlande --- Holandska --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In this wide-ranging and stimulating book, a leading authority on the history of medicine and science presents convincing evidence that Dutch commerce-not religion-inspired the rise of science in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Harold J. Cook scrutinizes a wealth of historical documents relating to the study of medicine and natural history in the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe, Brazil, South Africa, and Asia during this era, and his conclusions are fresh and exciting. He uncovers direct links between the rise of trade and commerce in the Dutch Empire and the flourishing of scientific investigation. Cook argues that engaging in commerce changed the thinking of Dutch citizens, leading to a new emphasis on such values as objectivity, accumulation, and description. The preference for accurate information that accompanied the rise of commerce also laid the groundwork for the rise of science globally, wherever the Dutch engaged in trade. Medicine and natural history were fundamental aspects of this new science, as reflected in the development of gardens for both pleasure and botanical study, anatomical theaters, curiosity cabinets, and richly illustrated books about nature. Sweeping in scope and original in its insights, this book revises previous understandings of the history of science and ideas.

Science --- Science. --- Medicine --- Natural Science Disciplines --- History --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Disciplines and Occupations --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Humanities --- History, 17th Century --- History of Medicine --- Commerce --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Sciences - General --- Netherlands --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- The Netherlands --- Pays-Bas --- Países Baixos --- Holland --- Spanish Netherlands --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Austrian Netherlands --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Southern Netherlands --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Niderlandy --- Belanda --- Nederland --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Países Bajos --- Holanda --- Nederlân --- Hulanda --- Beulanda --- Niderland --- Niderlande --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Olanda --- Payis-Bâs --- Países Baxos --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Nirlan --- Niderland Krallığı --- Kē-tē-kok --- Landa --- Kerajaan Landa --- Нидерландтар --- Niderlandtar --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Nederlands --- Niadaland --- Holandija --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Izelvroioù --- Нидерландия --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Països Baixos --- Нидерландсем --- Niderlandsem --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Nizozemsko --- Paesi Bassi --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Iseldiroedd --- Nederlandene --- Niederlande --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Nižozemska --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Madalmaad --- Ολλανδία --- Ollandia --- Hollandia --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Katō Chōres --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Nederlando --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Paisis Bajus --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- هلند --- Huland --- Niðurlond --- Háland --- Paîs Bas --- Neerlande --- Ísiltír --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Hò-làn --- Недерлендин Нутг --- Nederlendin Nutg --- 네덜란드 --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Hōlani --- Nederlandia --- Pais Basse --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Нидерландтæ --- Niderlandtæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Konungsríkið Holland --- הולנד --- Holand --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Walanda --- Hollandi --- Нидерландла --- Niderlandla --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Néderlandzkô --- Нидерланд --- Iseldiryow --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Nederilande --- Нидерланддар --- Niderlanddar --- Uholanzi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Нидерландъяс --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Peyiba --- Holenda --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Payises Bashos --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Nīderlandeja --- Batavia --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Paixi Basci --- Paes Bass --- Ulanda --- Holland Királyság --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Reino di Hulanda --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Hōrana --- Недерлатт --- Nederlatt --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Tlanitlālpan --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Eben Eyong --- Nederlaand --- オランダ --- Oranda --- オランダ王国 --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ulanna --- Nethiland --- Nederlande --- Holandska --- 509.492 --- Sciences History Netherlands --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands --- History of the Netherlands --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Economic relations. Trade --- anno 1600-1699 --- Health Workforce --- Natural sciences